Department of the Civil Safety :
The department’s team operates in accordance with the work plans approved at department meetings, as well as in line with the plans of the laboratory for labor protection and safety of production processes within the Research and Development Institute of Agricultural Engineering under Subprogram 5 “Development of Occupational Safety Measures in Production and Processing of Agricultural Products”. The curriculum includes disciplines such as “Fundamentals of Labor Protection”, “Life Safety”, “Labor Protection in Industry”, “Civil Defense”, “Organization of Labor Protection”, “Safety of Production Processes and Industrial Ecology”, “Information and Signaling Security Systems”, “Legal Foundations of Civil Security Activity”, “Legal Foundations of Labor Protection Policy”, “Psychological Aspects of Human-Machine Systems”, “Prevention of Industrial Injuries”, “Industrial Sanitation”, “Theory of Combustion and Explosion”, and others, based on orders and directives from the university’s rectorate and faculty deans.
The main results of research and development conducted by departments during teachers’ working hours include Program No. 0116U002736 “Development of Methodological Basis for Determining the Reliability of Mobile Agricultural Machinery Operators in Agricultural Enterprises”. The scientific supervisor is PhD, Professor Yu.P. Rogach. The research examined the risk of failures in the operation of mobile agricultural machinery and analyzed the working conditions and professional illnesses of operators of such machinery.
Program No. 0116U002736 “Development of Methodological Basis for Determining the Reliability of Operators of Mobile Agricultural Machinery in Agricultural Enterprises”. Scientific supervisor: Ph.D., Professor Yu.P. Rogach.
The state of the production-technical base in the agricultural sector of Ukraine has been analyzed, particularly focusing on general research to determine the reliability of technical systems and studying the risks of failures in the “operator-machine-environment” system.
The assessment of risk factors related to technological and organizational aspects of the work process has been substantiated. A methodology for calculating reliability indicators of the “operator-machine” system using functional networks method has been developed in accordance with the operation of agricultural machinery.
The theoretical significance lies in improving the procedure for calculating individual professional risk for workers and the integrated professional risk of agricultural enterprises.
The practical significance includes the enhancement of the risk research methodology for failures in the “operator-machine-environment” system, contributing to the development of a methodological basis for assessing the reliability level of mobile agricultural machinery operators, and determining their individual professional risk.
Department of Food Technologies and Hotel and Reastaurant Business:
After harvesting, physiological processes continue in fruits, with respiratory metabolism being the most important. The rate of vegetable respiration during storage serves as an indicator for quantitatively assessing the fruit’s response to changes in climatic conditions. Research in this direction will help determine the vulnerability degree of fruit objects depending on abiotic extremes. Additionally, the impact of thermal treatment of fruits with antioxidants on the variability of respiration dynamics is not currently understood. Studying this aspect is essential for effective fruit and vegetable preservation.
The aim of the research is to establish the influence of abiotic factors on the respiration intensity of tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and zucchinis during storage. This will enable the prediction of the shelf life of each type of vegetable and adjust it using thermal treatment with antioxidants. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:
– To determine the adaptive potential of fruits by analyzing the influence of abiotic factors on respiratory metabolism during storage.
– To investigate the mechanism of post-harvest thermal treatment with antioxidants on the respiratory activity of fruit vegetables during storage.
– To analyze the degree of influence on the respiration intensity of fruits by factors such as species and variety specificity, as well as meteorological conditions during cultivation.
Department of Geoecology and Land Management:
The scientific research conducted at the Department of Geoecology and Land Management of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University during the teachers’ working hours is carried out in accordance with the following program:
Program No. 0116U0027350. “Assessment of Environmental Status Based on the Study of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems of Southern Ukraine.” Scientific supervisor: Dr. Biol. Sci., Prof. Volokh A.M.
The department’s staff conducts research on the following issues:
- Utilization of soil algae as indicators of environmental condition and reduction of pollution levels using plants.
- Investigation of the radiation situation in the city of Melitopol.
- Impact of mining on phytocenoses.
- Dynamics of population sizes of various organisms in the territories of national natural parks (NNPs).
- Condition of agrocenoses and the impact of agriculture on natural landscapes, biodiversity, and populations.
- Purification of industrial wastewater using modern methods (magnetic separation of sediment, catalytic oxidation, etc.).
- Response of soil algae, plants, and animals to various anthropogenic influences.
- Status of populations of rare species, etc.
Based on the research results, scientific recommendations have been developed for wildlife resource management and the implementation of measures aimed at conservation and restoration of biodiversity.
Department of Horticulture, Viticulture and Biochemistry:
- Topic: Influence of Biostimulants on Yield Formation of Pea Crops in the Conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine.
Purpose and Application Field: The method relates to agriculture, specifically to pre-sowing seed treatment and post-root treatment of pea crops to increase field emergence, formation of leaf apparatus, and yield of peas in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine.
Technological Characteristics: The method involves pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds with biostimulants Stympos and Regoplant at doses of 25 ml/ton and 250 ml/ton respectively, and post-root treatment with preparations at concentrations of 20 ml/ha and 50 ml/ha at the budding phase.
Effect of Application: The proposed method allows increasing the similarity of peas, activating growth processes. Due to the action of biopreparations in the rhizosphere of the pea root system, a greater number of root nodules were formed compared to the control. Post-root treatments of peas with biopreparations Stympos and Regoplant improved the parameters and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of pea plants, as indicated by an increase in PPF in different phases of vegetation by up to 32% and 46% respectively, and an increase in biomass of crops by 1.3 and 1.7 times respectively. Under the conditions of treatment of pea crops with the biopreparation Regoplant, the chlorophyll content increased by a maximum of 14.8% compared to the control.
It was found that biopreparations Stympos and Regoplant increased the number of pods per plant. When growing pea crops under the influence of biostimulants, the biological yield increased by 4.2-5.5%.
Authors of the Development: Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences, Assoc. Kolesnikov M.O., Ph.D. in Biological Sciences Paschenko Yu.P.
- Topic: Study of Biological Aspects of Cultivar Normative Pruning of Peach and Determination of Optimal Cultivar-Graft Combinations.
Purpose and Application Field: The topic relates to agriculture, specifically to the technological aspects of fruit planting designs and their cultivar pruning.
Technological Characteristics: The technology involves the use of drought-resistant rootstocks for peaches and their impact on growth, development, and fruiting, as well as rational pruning taking into account the biological characteristics of different varieties.
Effect of Application: The proposed technologies will improve peach planting schemes, optimize fruit tree loads to increase fruit quality, leading to a 10-15% increase in yield.
Authors of the Development: Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences Alekseeva O.M.
- Topic: Organic Technology for Cherry Cultivation in the Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine
Purpose and Application Field: The technology pertains to agriculture, specifically horticulture, and corresponds to the priority direction of science and technology development – “Rational use of natural resources” to increase the profitability of cherry cultivation through high prices for organic cherries and the sale of medicinal raw materials and mushrooms as by-products.
Technological Characteristics: The technology involves growing cherries using intercropping with medicinal plants and inoculation of tree trunks with symbiotic fungi.
Effect of Application: The proposed technology allows for obtaining not only organic fruit products but also organic medicinal raw materials and mushrooms. Currently, with a yield of 19 tons/ha and a wholesale price of 30 UAH/kg, the gross profit from one hectare of cherry orchard is 570,000 UAH. With a world price for organic cherries of $50/kg, a probable decrease in yield has no economic significance. Only the introduction of intercropping with medicinal plants (demand for which exceeds supply in the domestic market of Ukraine by 10 times) will provide an additional 80-120 thousand UAH/ha. Considering that the price of certified organic medicinal raw materials is 150-1100% higher and demand for it increases annually by 10-15%, the profitability of the cherry orchard will increase by more than two times.
Developer: Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences Geras’ko T.V.
- Topic: Impact of Exogenous Origin Plant Growth Regulators on the Productivity of Leguminous Crops.
Purpose and Application Field: The method pertains to agriculture, specifically to pre-sowing seed treatment of leguminous crops to increase plant productivity under conditions of insufficient moisture in the steppe zone of Ukraine.
Technological Characteristics: The method involves pre-sowing seed treatment of pea seeds with the plant growth regulator of natural origin Humaxide, synthetic preparation AKM, and microbial preparation Rhizobofit at a rate of 20 liters of working solution per 1 ton of seeds.
Effect of Application: The use of Humaxide and AKM for seed coating and post-root treatment of pea plants promotes the formation of a larger leaf area by 15-43%, an increase in photosynthetic potential of the crop by 17.9-33.6%, and an increase in net photosynthesis productivity by 23.5-40.1% compared to the control.
Developer: Assistant Kapinos M.V.
- Topic. Research on the Suitability of Stone Fruit Cultivars for Freezing in the Conditions of Southern Ukraine.
Purpose and Application Field: Based on scientific research results, the findings are utilized in horticulture and processing industries for selecting fruit cultivars both during orchard establishment and for selecting high-quality fruit for producing premium frozen semi-finished products. Recommendations provided to production assist in selecting fruit cultivars (cherries, sour cherries, cherry-sour cherry hybrids (dukes), peaches, apricots) with optimal parameters for obtaining high-quality frozen products.
Technological Characteristics:The average sample of fruits for each analyzed cultivar was 3.5 kg. Freezing was conducted by spreading the fruits in polyethylene bags with a capacity of 0.5 kg at a temperature of minus 30°C ±1°C. Freezing was considered complete when the temperature at the center of the fruit reached minus 18°C ±1°C. The conditions for freezing and storing cherry fruits are as follows: selection of cherry cultivars with intense dark cherry-colored flesh, thin skin, pronounced harmonious sweet-sour taste, fruit weight of no less than 8-10 g, and small size; sorting and packaging of cherries intended for freezing are done simultaneously with harvesting directly from the tree; packaging capacity should not exceed 12 kg; each package should have a label indicating: sender’s name; sender’s destination; purpose of frozen cherry fruits; pomological variety; commercial variety; date and time of packaging. The technological process of frozen cherry cultivars production can be presented as follows: 1st stage – preparation of fruits – inspection, sorting and grading, washing and drying; 2nd stage – pre-freezing preparation of fruits – cooling the raw material to a temperature of 0 or -1 degrees Celsius; 3rd stage – preparation of fruits – freezing when the temperature at the center of the fruit reaches minus 18°C. Defrosting of frozen cherries before research was conducted at room temperature (20-22°C) for 2-3 hours.
The application effect. Recommendations for production allow presenting the following:
To produce high-quality quick-frozen products, late-maturing cherry varieties should be predominantly chosen. The fruits of the latter have a denser consistency, characterized by 1.3 times less juice separation during freezing and storage compared to average and early varieties.
To achieve high results in production, storage, and subsequent processing of quick-frozen cherries, the following “Technological Instruction for the Production of Quick-frozen Cherries,””Technological Instruction for the Production of Compotes from Quick-frozen Cherries,””Technological Instruction for the Production of Jam from Quick-frozen Cherries” have been developed.
Development author: Ph.D., Assoc. Ivanova I.Ye.
- Purpose and field of application. The method relates to agriculture, specifically to measures for protecting perennial crops from harmful organisms to preserve the yield of horticultural products in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine.
Technical characteristics. The method involves spraying fruit crops to preserve the yield of horticultural products from damage by phytophagous organisms in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine.
Application effect. The proposed method, as a component of integrated pest management systems, has advantages including high technical (69-85%) and environmental (reduction of pesticide load in the orchard agroecosystem by 1.5-2.0 times) efficiency.
Development author: Rozova L.V., Ph.D., Senior Researcher.